Frazni glagoli = Phrasal Verbs
Jedna od pojava glagola u engleskom jeziku, koja je u hrvatskom vrlo rijetka, je ta da se dodavanjem odgovarajućeg prijedloga i priloga tvore novi glagoli, koji se po svom značenju razlikuju od osnovnog glagola. Frazni glagol je, dakle, kombinacija glagola i prijedloga, partikule ili priloga. Značenje fraznog glagola obično ne možemo razumijeti na temelju pojedinačnih riječi koje ga tvore. Frazni glagoli su zato hrvatskim i drugim stranim govornicima engleskog jezika često problematični.
- Jim asked Kim out. = Jim je pozvao Kim van.
Pojedinačan glagol se može pojaviti u kombinaciji s različitim partikulama/ prijedlozima/ prilozima i značenja tih kombinacija se međusobno razlikuju. Pogledajmo npr. glagol look:
- My older brother looked after me when I was younger. = Moj stariji brat je pazio na mene, dok sam bila mlađa.
- Look at you! You’re so beautiful in this dress! = Pogledaj se! Tako si lijepa u toj haljini!
- I am looking for my keys. Have you seen them anywhere? = Tražim svoje ključeve. Jesi li ih negdje vidio?
- Look out! The floor is slippery. = Pazi! Pod je sklizak.
- He started looking down on everyone when he got rich. = Kada se je obogatio, počeo je na sve gledati svisoka.
- I really look forward to meeting you. = Stvarno se veselim susretu s tobom.
Tablica sa nekim čestim fraznim glagolima:
frazni glagol | Definicija | Primjer | prijevod |
---|---|---|---|
ask someone out | invite on a date | John asked Kathy out to lunch. | pozvati van |
back someone up | Support | His mother backed him up when he decided to start his own business. | poduprijeti |
blow up | Explode | The police found the man who wanted to blow up a plane. | eksplodirati |
break down | stop functioning (machine, vehicle) | My computer broke down yesterday. | pokvariti se |
break in | force entry to a building | The young man tried to break in the house but someone came by and he ran away. | provaliti |
break up | end a relationship | He broke up with his girlfriend not long ago. | razići se |
bring someone down | make unhappy | Films with sad endings always bring me down. | ražalostiti |
bring someone up | raise a child | Linda brought up three children. | odgojiti |
bring something up | start talking about a subject | They start quarrelling whenever he brings up his ex. | spomenuti |
call something off | Cancel | They called the metting off because half of the people were too busy to come. | otkazati |
calm down | relax after being angry | Could you calm down. Everything will be okay. | umiriti se |
not care for someone/something | not like (formal) | I don't care for her opinion. | mariti |
catch up | get to the same point as someone else | I stopped and waited for my group to catch up. | uhvatiti, dostići (doći do iste točke, gdje je netko drugi) |
check in | arrive and register at a hotel or airport | When we arrive at the hotel we have to check in first. | prijaviti se |
check out | leave a hotel | We packed and check out of the hotel. | odjaviti se |
check someone/something out | look at carefully, investigate | The police is checking out the call. | provjeriti, istražiti |
cheer up | become happier | Mary cheered up when Peter had finally arrived. | razveseliti se |
come across something | find unexpectedly | I sometimes come across protected flowers when hiking in mountains. | naići |
count on someone/something | rely on | I know I can count on him whenever I need anything. | računati na |
cut back on something | consume less | You should cut back on alcohol. | smanjiti upotrebu |
do away with something | Discard | It's time to do away with all these old clothes. | odbaciti |
dress up | wear nice clothing | The club we are going to is quite fancy so I suggest you dress up. | lijepo se obući |
drop in/by/over | come without an appointment | You can drop in/by/over at my place any time you want. | navratiti |
drop out | quit a class, school, course | He dropped out of school at the age of 15. | napustiti (npr. školu) |
eat out | eat at a restaurant | Don't cook. We'll eat out tonight. | jesti vani |
fall apart | break into pieces | My shoes are falling apart. I have to buy a new pair. | raspasti se |
figure something out | understand, find the answer | Try to figure out what their intentions are because I would really like to know. | shvatiti, sjetiti se nečeg |
fill something in | to write information in blanks | Fill in the form with your name, address, and email address and give it back to us. | popuniti |
find out | Discover | We found out beautiful islands when travelling around by boat. | otkriti |
find something out | discover | When Tim found out that his friend had been lying he was really disappointed. | shvatiti |
get along/on | like each other | I get along/on with my mother-in-law and visit her quite often. | slagati se |
get away | go on a vacation | After all this work I can't wait to get away next week. | ići na odmor |
get away with something | do without being noticed or punished | This time he won't get away with cheating on his girlfriend. | „izvući se“, učiniti nešto da drugi to ne vide, bez kazne |
get over something | recover from an illness, loss, difficulty | It took her quite a lot of time to get over her divorce. | preboljeti |
get round to something | finally find time to do | I hope I will get round to making a cake for my daughter's birthday next week. | naći vremena za nešto |
get together | meet (usually for social reasons) | Let's get together for our school anniversary. | naći se (s nekim) |
get up | get out of bed | My brother got up at five this morning and went to the seaside. | ustati iz kreveta |
get up | Stand | No matter how many times I fell I always got up and kept trying. | ustati |
give something away | ruin a secret | My best friend gave the news about my pregnancy away by accident. | otkriti tajnu |
give something away | give something to someone for free | When my co-worker bought a new computer she gave away her old one. | dati besplatno |
give in | reluctantly stop fighting or arguing | My friend didn't want to watch that comedy, but he gave in in the end. | predati se (u svađi) |
give something up | quit a habit | I have finally given up biting my nails. | prestati imati naviku |
give up | stop trying | No matter how hard it gets you should never give up. | odustati (prestati pokušavati) |
go after someone | follow someone | He didn't want to leave me alone and when I went home he went after me so I called the police. | slijediti nekog |
go against someone | compete, oppose | I am very nervous since I am going against my biggest competitor tomorrow. | suprotstaviti se nekomu/nečemu, nadmetati se |
go ahead | Proceed | Our boss said we can go ahead with our plan. | nastaviti |
go back | return to a place | She went back to work in the afternoon to finish some things. | vratiti se |
go out | leave home to go on a social event | I am going out for a drink with my friends. | ići van |
go out with someone | Date | Lucy has been going out with Dave for eight years and this month they are getting married. | ići van (s nekim) |
go over something | Review | I went over my article for the last time and sent it to the publisher. | pregledati |
go without something | suffer lack or deprivation | They were so poor that they had to go without food from time to time. | biti bez |
grow apart | stop being friends over time | Amanda and her sister grew apart after she had moved. | otuđiti se |
grow back | Regrow | Don't worry. Your hair will soon grow back. | ponovno narasti |
grow up | become an adult | When our children grow up we will have more time for each other. | odrasti |
hand something in | Submit | The deadline to hand in the reports is May 12. | predati |
hand something over | give (usually unwillingly) | Johnny, now hand over the mobile phone to your father because he needs it. | izručiti, predati |
hang in | stay positive (N.Amer., informal) | Hang in there. Your hard work will sooner or later be repaid. | držati se (ostati pozitivan) |
hang on | wait a short time (informal) | Hang on a second. I'll come with you. | počekati |
hang out | spend time relaxing (informal) | I hang out with him and have a good time almost every weekend. | družiti se |
hang up | end a phone call | He was so angry that he just hung up. | poklopiti, prekinuti vezu |
hold someone/something back | prevent from doing/going | I had to hold my friend back when they were teasing him about his sister. | spriječiti (koga/što) |
hold something back | hide an emotion | She was hardly holding back her tears when they were leaving. | zadržati, sakriti (emociju) |
hold on | wait a short time | Please hold on. Ms Smith will be back in a second. | počekati |
hold someone/something up | Rob | Have you heard that someone held the post up last evening? | opljačkati |
keep on doing something | continue doing | Keep on with the good work. | nastaviti |
keep something from someone | not tell | We kept my pregnancy from everyone for three months. | prikrivati,tajiti |
keep someone/something out | stop from entering | Try to keep the children out of my office. | ne puštati unutra |
let someone down | fail to support or help, disappoint | John has never let me down and I am really happy for having him in my life. | ostaviti na cjedilu, razočarati (nekog), |
let someone in | allow to enter | The old lady didn't let the man in because she didn't know him. | pustiti nekog unutra |
look after someone/something | take care of | I had to look after my younger brother when my parents were away. | čuvati |
look down on someone | think less of, consider inferior | I don't know why she looks down on everybody. Who does she think she is? | gledati na nekog svisoka, omalovažavati |
look for someone/something | try to find | I'm looking for my file. Have you seen it anywhere? | tražiti |
look forward to something | be excited about the future | I really look forward to meeting you. | veseliti se |
look into something | investigate | She was looking into the possibilities of buying a franchise. | istražiti |
look out | be careful, vigilant, and take notice | Look out! This floor is slippery. | paziti |
look something over | check, examine | When I was looking over my seminar paper I found three grammatical mistakes. | pregledati |
look something up | search and find information in a reference book or database | I can look the meaning of this word up in the dictionary. | potražiti |
look up to someone | have a lot of respect for | I looked up to my grandmother when I was a child. | diviti se (nekom) |
make something up | invent, lie about something | The boy says the story about the rape is not true and that the girl has made it up. | izmisliti što |
make up | forgive each other | We refused to see each other for two weeks but we have made up now. | pomiriti se s kim |
make someone up | apply cosmetics to | I made my friend up for the date. | našminkati koga |
mix something up | confuse two or more things | I mixed up everything I had intended to say at the meeting. | pomiješati, zamijeniti |
pass away | Die | After a long and painful struggle with cancer my grandfather passed away. | preminuti |
pass out | Faint | I almost passed out because of all the crowd and bad air. | onesvijestiti se |
pay someone back | return owed money | I'll pay you back that euro next time we see each other. | vratiti kome novac |
pay for something | be punished for doing something bad | I will make sure he will pay for being so mean to you. | platiti |
pick something out | Choose | I picked out these jeans for you to try on. | izabrati |
point someone/something out | indicate with your finger | Can you point that actress out when she appears on the screen? | pokazati (prstom) |
put something down | put what you are holding on a surface or floor | You can put the luggage down and have some rest because the plane is delayed. | odložiti |
put someone down | insult, make someone feel stupid | The man was puting his wife down because of her job. | vrijeđati koga |
put something off | Postpone | We put off the appointment because of her illness. | odgoditi |
put up with someone/something | Tolerate | It's difficult to put up with him when he is so stubborn. | podnositi |
put something on | put clothing/accessories on your body | I put on some make-up and went to work. | obući |
run into someone/something | meet unexpectedly | George ran into his elementary school teacher while walking down the street. | naljeteti na koga/što (slučajno) |
run over someone/something | drive a vehicle over a person or thing | When I was driving home I ran over a cat. It jumped on the road and I couldn't do anyrhing. | pregaziti koga/što |
run out | have none left | We ran out of sugar so I couldn't make a cake. | ponestati |
shop around | compare prices | Sue loves shopping around before buying anything. | uspoređivati cijene (po trgovinama) |
show off | act extra special for people watching (usually boastfully) | I think he is showing off a bit too much in that BMW. | bahatiti se, praviti se važan |
sleep over | stay somewhere for the night (informal) | You don't need to spend the night in a hotel. You can sleep over at my house. There is enough place. | prespavati (negdje jednu noć) |
stick to something | continue doing something, limit yourself to one particular thing | Stick to your goals and you will succeed. | držati se čega, ograničiti se na jednu stvar |
switch something off | stop the energy flow, turn off | I switched off the TV and went to bed. | ugasiti |
switch something on | start the energy flow, turn on | Can you switch on the radio? It would be nice to hear some music. | upaliti |
take after someone | resemble a family member | I take after my father. We are both lazy. | biti nalik (karakterno) |
take something apart | purposely break into pieces | He took the computer apart and repaired it. | rastaviti što |
take something back | return an item | Mandy had to take her phone back because it didn't work. | vratiti |
take off | start to fly | I am always nervous when the plane takes off. | poletjeti |
take something off | remove something (usually clothing) | The doctor told me to take off my shirt. | svući, skinuti |
take something out | remove from a place or thing | Kim took out her handkerchief and blew her nose. | izvaditi |
take someone out | pay for someone to go somewhere with you | He said he wanted to take me out to a Thai restaurant for dinner. | voditi koga van |
think something over | Consider | I really need time to think it over before I decide. | razmisliti |
throw something away | dispose of | I had to throw some of my old clothes away because I didn't have room for the new ones. | baciti |
turn something down | decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc) | Please turn the radio down otherwise the neighbours might complain. | smanjiti (zvuk, toplinu, svjetlo) |
turn something down | Refuse | They turned the student down because he had no work experience. | otkloniti, odbiti |
turn something off | stop the energy flow, switch off | Could you, please, turn the radio off and start studying? | ugasiti |
turn something on | start the energy, switch on | I didn't turn the lights on and fell over a chair. | upaliti |
turn something up | increase the volume or strength (heat, light etc) | It's so hot in here. Plase, turn the air conditioning up. | pojačati (zvuk, temperaturu, svijetlo) |
turn up | appear suddenly | Larry turned up unexpectedly and surprised everyone. | pojaviti se |
try something on | sample clothing | She tried the dress on, but it was too big. | probati (obleko) |
try something out | Test | I would have to try this car out before I buy it. | pokušati (u smislu testirati) |
wake up | stop sleeping | We have to wake up at six at the latest to catch our train. | probuditi se |
warm up | prepare body for exercise | Stretching exercises warm up our bodies and prevent injuries. | zagrijati se |
wear off | fade away | Water-resistant mascaras don't wear off so fast. | nestati, ugasiti se |
work out | Exercise | She works out a lot to stay in shape. | vježbati |
work out | be successful | Everything has thankfully worked out all right. | uspjeti (uspješno završiti) |
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