Nepravilni glagoli = Irregular Verbs
Što su nepravilni glagoli?
Većina se glagola u prošlom glagolskom vremenu i obliku past participle tvori dodavanjem nastavka ‘–ed’ (worked, played, listened). No većina je najčešćih glagola nepravilna: glagol koji se u prošlom glagolskom vremenu ne tvori dodavanjem uobičajenog nastavka ‘–ed’. Primjeri nepravilnih glagola su ‘sing’ (prošlo glagolsko vrijeme je ‘sang’; ‘feel’ (‘felt’); ‘go’ (‘went’). Nepravilni glagoli su glagoli koji ne slijede uobičajeno pravilo dodavanja nastavka ‘-ed’ na kraju glagola kako bi tvorili izjave u prošlom glagolskom vremenu. Suprotno od tog, past simple i past participle nepravilnih glagola mogu imati različite nastavke, bez ikakvog dosljednog uzorka.
Nekoliko posebnosti nepravilnih glagola:
- Neki imaju isti oblik za past simple i past participle: cut – cut, had – had, let – let, hurt – hurt, fed- fed, sold – sold
- Postoje glagoli koji imaju i pravilni i nepravilni oblik. ‘Burn’ je pravilni glagol, no može imati i nepravilni oblik past participle: burn – burned/burnt – burned/burnt.
- Sve su oblike glagola „read“ jednake, no izgovaraju se drugačije
- Postoji približno xxx glagola koji su nepravilni
- Iako nepravilnih glagol nema puno, njihovo je pojavljivanje u jeziku vrlo često. Iako u suvremenom engleskom jeziku postoji samo oko 180 nepravilnih glagola u prošlom glagolskom vremenu, ti se glagoli pojavljuju najčešće.
Koje su najčešće pogreške koje učenici rade vezano uz nepravilne glagole?
- Učenici prilikom tvorbe nepravilnih glagola naprave dvije česte pogreške. Ili dodaju nepravilni nastavak ‘-ed‘ na kraj nepravilnog glagola ili slučajno izmijene oblike simple past i past participle.
Popis najčešćih nepravilnih glagola:
Present | Past | Past Participle | Croatian translation |
be | was, were | been | biti |
become | became | become | postati |
begin | began | begun | početi |
blow | blew | blown | puhati |
break | broke | broken | slomiti |
bring | brought | brought | donijeti |
build | built | built | graditi |
buy | bought | bought | kupiti |
burst | burst | burst | puknuti |
catch | caught | caught | uhvatiti |
choose | chose | chosen | izabrati |
come | came | come | doći |
cut | cut | cut | rezati |
deal | dealt | dealt | trgovati |
do | did | done | učiniti |
drink | drank | drunk | piti |
drive | drove | driven | voziti |
eat | ate | eaten | jesti |
fall | fell | fallen | pasti |
feed | fed | fed | hraniti |
feel | felt | felt | osjećati |
fight | fought | fought | boriti se |
find | found | found | naći |
fly | flew | flown | letjeti |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | zabraniti |
forget | forgot | forgotten | zaboraviti |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | oprostiti |
freeze | froze | frozen | smrznuti |
get | got | gotten | dobiti |
give | gave | given | dati |
go | went | gone | ići |
grow | grew | grown | rasti |
have | had | had | imati |
hear | heard | heard | čuti |
hide | hid | hidden | sakriti |
hold | held | held | držati |
hurt | hurt | hurt | raniti |
keep | kept | kept | čuvati |
know | knew | known | znati |
lay | laid | laid | poleći |
lead | led | led | voditi |
leave | left | left | otići |
let | let | let | pustiti |
lie | lay | lain | ležati |
lose | lost | lost | izgubiti |
make | made | made | narediti |
meet | met | met | sresti |
pay | paid | paid | platiti |
quit | quit | quit | prestati |
read | read | read | čitati |
ride | rode | ridden | jahati |
run | ran | run | trčati |
say | said | said | reći |
see | saw | seen | vidjeti |
seek | sought | sought | tražiti |
sell | sold | sold | prodati |
send | sent | sent | poslati |
shake | shook | shaken | tresti |
shine | shone | shone | sijati |
sing | sang | sung | pjevati |
sit | sat | sat | sjediti |
sleep | slept | slept | spavati |
speak | spoke | spoken | govoriti |
spend | spent | spent | provoditi/trošiti |
spring | sprang | sprung | skočiti |
stand | stood | stood | stati |
steal | stole | stolen | krasti |
swim | swam | swum | plivati |
swing | swung | swung | njihati se |
take | took | taken | uzeti |
teach | taught | taught | učiti |
tear | tore | torn | rastrgati |
tell | told | told | reći |
think | thought | thought | misliti |
throw | threw | thrown | baciti |
understand | understood | understood | razumijeti |
wake | woke (waked) | woken (waked) | probuditi se |
wear | wore | worn | nositi |
win | won | won | pobjediti |
write | wrote | written | pisati |
Dodatak popisu nepravilnih glagola:
Present | Past | Past Participle | Croatian translation |
arise | arose | arisen | ustati |
awake | awoke | awoken | probuditi se |
be | was, were | been | biti |
bear | bore | born | roditi, podnositi |
beat | beat | beat | tući |
become | became | become | postati |
begin | began | begun | započeti |
bend | bent | bent | saviti |
beset | beset | beset | opkoliti, opsjedati |
bet | bet/betted | betbetted | kladiti se |
bid | bid/bade | bid/bidden | nadmetati se, ponuditi |
bind | bound | bound | vezati |
bite | bit | bitten | ugristi |
bleed | bled | bled | krvariti |
blow | blew | blown | puhati |
break | broke | broken | slomiti |
breed | bred | bred | gajiti, uzgajati |
bring | brought | brought | donijeti |
broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | emitirati (radio) |
build | built | built | graditi |
burn | burned/burnt | burned/burnt | (iz)gorjeti |
burst | burst | burst | puknuti |
buy | bought | bought | kupiti |
cast | cast | cast | baciti, bacati |
catch | caught | caught | uhvatiti |
choose | chose | chosen | izabrati |
cling | clung | clung | držati, držati se za što |
come | came | come | doći |
cost | cost | cost | koštati |
creep | crept | crept | puzati |
cut | cut | cut | rezati |
deal | dealt | dealt | trgovati |
dig | dug | dug | kopati |
dive | dived/dove | dived | roniti |
do | did | done | raditi |
draw | drew | drawn | vući, crtati |
dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt | sanjati |
drive | drove | driven | voziti |
drink | drank | drunk | piti |
eat | ate | eaten | jesti |
fall | fell | fallen | pasti |
feed | fed | fed | hraniti |
feel | felt | felt | osjećati |
fight | fought | fought | boriti se |
find | found | found | naći |
fit | fit | fit | podesiti, prilagoditi |
flee | fled | fled | bježati |
fling | flung | flung | vući, baciti |
fly | flew | flown | letjeti |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | zabraniti |
forget | forgot | forgotten | zaboraviti |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | oprostiti |
forsake | forsook | forsaken | zapustiti, opustiti, odreći se |
freeze | froze | frozen | smrznuti |
get | got | gotten | dobiti |
give | gave | given | dati |
go | went | gone | ići |
grind | ground | ground | mljeti, drobiti |
grow | grew | grown | uzgajiti, rasti |
hang | hung | hung | visiti |
hear | heard | heard | čuti |
hide | hid | hidden | sakriti |
hit | hit | hit | udariti, pogoditi |
hold | held | held | držati |
hurt | hurt | hurt | raniti |
keep | kept | kept | čuvati |
kneel | knelt | knelt | klečati |
knit | knit | knit | plesti |
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