Present Perfect Simple
1) UPOTREBA
1) Ovo vrijeme upotrebljavamo, kad govorimo o radnjama, koje su se dogodile u prošlosti i imajo veze sa sadašnjošću. Rezultat radnje u prošlosti je važan za sadašnjost, a nije važno kada se je radnja dogodila. Kada imamo određenu točku u prošlosti, npr. “yesterday”, tada koristimo “Past Simple”:
- I have called off the appointment. = Otkazao sam sastanak.
Rezultat radnje ima posljedicu u sadašnjosti: neće biti sastanka.
- Has Tim ever been to Venice? = Je li Tim ikada bio u Veneciji?
Također, kad govorimo o iskustvima, koristimo ovo vrijeme.
- I have brushed my teeth. = Oprala sam zube.
Želim naglasiti rezultat, to da sada imam čiste zube.
2) Za upravo završene radnje:
- Tim has just finished the work. = Tim je upravo završio posao. (Radnja je završena.)
3) Za radnje koje su započele u prošlosti i još uvijek traju –veza između prošlosti i sadašnjosti je često izražena sa “since” = +vremenska točka: last year/yesterday/1998) ili “for ” (+vremensko razdoblje: ten days/weeks/months/years):
- They have lived in Zagreb for 20 years. = Već 20 godina žive u Zagrebu.
4) Zajedno s lately/recently/yet
I have read an interesting book recently. = Nedavno sam pročitala zanimljivu knjigu.
- Tim has not answered yet. = Tim još nije odgovorio.
2) OBLIK
Pomoćni glagol “have/has” + particip prošli
has: 3.lice jednine (he/she/it)
have: sva ostala lica (I/you/we/they)
Particip prošli:
– pravilni glagoli: infinitiv+ “-ed” (npr.: worked, walked, talked)
– nepravilni glagoli: 3. stupac tablice nepravilnih glagola (npr.: seen, written, won)
3) IZJAVNE/NIJEČNE/UPITNE REČENICE
+
Nepravilni glagoli
We/I/you/they have eaten German food.
She/he/it has eaten German food.
Pravilni glagoli
We/I/you/they have worked a lot.
She/he/it has worked a lot.
Često koristimo kratke oblike:
We/I/you/they’ve eaten German food.
He/she/it’s eaten German food.
We/I/you/they’ve worked a lot.
She/he/it’s worked a lot.
– Particip ostaje nepromijenjen (eaten, worked):
Nepravilni glagoli
We/I/you/they have not eaten German food.
She/he/it has not eaten German food.
Pravilni glagoli
We/I/you/they have not worked a lot.
He/she/it has not worked a lot.
Često koristimo kratke oblike:
We/I/you/they haven’t eaten Chinese food.
She/he/it hasn’t eaten Chinese food.
We/I/you/they haven’t worked a lot.
She/he/it hasn’t worked a lot.
? Particip ostaje nepromijenjen (eaten, worked), samo zamijenimo redoslijed pomoćnog glagola (have/has) i subjekta:
Nepravilni glagoli
Have we/I/you/they eaten German food?
Has she/he/it eaten German food?
Pravilni glagoli
Have we/I/you/they worked a lot?
Has she/he/it worked a lot?
4) PRILOZI
Just, never, yet, already, ever, up to now, so far, recently, since, lately, for, recently
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