Zamjenice koje uvode odnosne rečenice = Pronouns Introducing Relative Clauses
1) Whose
“Whose” koristimo kad govorimo o vlasništvu osoba, životinja ili stvari i zamjenjuje “his/her/its/their”. “Whose” najčešće koristimo za vlasništvo osoba:
- I can ask my neighbour – her knowledge of gardening is very good – to advise me.
- I can ask my neighbour whose knowledge of gardening is very good to advise me. = Mogu pitati susjedu čije znanje vrtlarstva je vrlo dobro da mi savjetuje.
- This is the woman whose cat scratched me. = To je žena čija mačka me je ogrebala.
- My friend whose article was published yesterday held a really interesting lecture this morning. = Moj prijatelj čijeg članak je objavljen prošlog tjedna održao je stvarno zanimljivo predavanje jutros.
- Modern 20th century architecture, which is also portrayed on euro banknotes, has been gaining global popularity especially after the Second World War. = Suvremena arhitektura dvadesetog stoljeća, koja je također upodobljena na novčanicama eura, dobiva na globalnoj prepoznatljivosti pogotovo nakon Drugog svjetkog rata.
Kada upotrebljavamo “who”, a kada “whose”?
- How can I help my co-worker whose close relative has just died? (his close relative has just died) = Kako mogu pomoći suradniku čijeg bliski rođak je upravo umro?
- A neighbour who is also a doctor has helped me clear my wound. (he is also a doctor) = Moj susjed, koji je također i liječnik, mi je pomogao očistiti moju ranu.
“Whose” zamjenjuje “his/her/its/their”, a “who” zamjenjuje “he/she/they”.
2) Whom
“Whom” možemo koristiti umijesto “who”, ali samo kada je “who” u ulozi objekta odnosne rečenice.
- The lecturer whom we met last week will help us upgrade our products. (We met him.) = Predavač kojeg smo prošlog tjedna upoznali pomoći će nam nadograditi naše proizvode.
- My son whom I gave an extremely strict upbringing has become a successful businessman. (I gave him a strict upbringing.) = Moj sin, kojemu sam pružio krajnje strog odgoj, postao je uspješan poslovni čovjek.)
Ispred “whom” može stajati i prijedlog (npr.: to whom/from whom/with whom) dok ispred “who” ne može:
- The Italians with whom we spent our summer holidays invited us to pay them a visit. (We spent our holidays with them.) = Talijani s kojima smo proveli ljetnji dopust pozvali su nas da ih posjetimo.
- The schoolfriend from whom I borrowed the books hasn’t failed any exam so far. (I borrowed the books from her.) = Školska drugarica od koje sam posudila knjige do sada još nije pala ni na jednom ispitu.
Ipak, “whom” ne čujemo često, osobito ne u govornom engleskom, gdje obično koristimo “who/that” ili ništa.
- The lecturer we met… (ili: the lecturer who/that we met…)
- The schoolfriend I borrowed the books from… (ili: The schoolfriend who/that I borrowed the books from…)
3) Which
“Which” zamjenjuje stvari ili cijele rečenice. Pogledajmo sljedeći primjer:
- Mandy left Greg. This shocked everyone. = Mandy je ostavila Grega. To je sve šokiralo. (dvije rečenice)
- Mandy left Greg, which shocked everyone.= Mandy je ostavila Grega, što je sve šokiralo. (jedna rečenica)
U ovom primjeru “which” znači “Mary left George”, te se odnosi na cijelu rečenicu, a ne samo na jednu stvar. U primjerima u kojima se zamjenica odnosi na cijelu rečenicu, moramo koristiti “which” (ne “what”).
- Alex passed his last exam, which is excellent. = Alex je prošao svoj zadnji izpit, što je super. (Ne kaže se “what is excellent”)
- My ex invited me to dinner, which shocked me. = Moj bivši me pozvao na večeru, što me iznenadilo. (Ne kaže se “what surprised me”)
4) All of/most of + whom/which
- There were a lot of teenagers at the club. Most of them were boys. = U klubu je bilo mnogo tinejdžera. Većina njih su bili momci. (dvije rečenice)
- There were a lot of teeganers at the club, most of whom were boys. = U klubu je bilo mnogo tinejdžera, od kojih su većina bili momci. (jedna rečenica)
- I have a lot of girlfriends. Most of them are married. = Imam mnogo prijateljica. Većina ih je vjenčanih. (dvije rečenice)
- I have a lot of girlfriends, most of whom are married. = Imam mnogo prijateljica, od kojih je većina vjenčana. (jedna rečenica)
- I celebrated my 21th birthday last week and received a lot of gifts. I haven’t opened all of them yet. = Slavio sam 21. rođendan prošlog tjedna i dobio sam puno poklona. Nisam ih još sve otvorio. (dvije rečenice)
- I celebrated my 21th birthday last week and received a lot of gifts, all of which I haven’t opened yet. = Slavio sam 21. rođendan prošlog tjedna i dobio sam puno poklona, koje još nisam sve otvorio. (jedna rečenica)
Na isti način možemo reći:
None of/neither of/any of/either of Some of/many of/much of/(a) few of Both of/half of/each of/one of/two of |
+who (za osobe) +what (za stvari) |
- I have tried a lot of pancakes, none of which can be compared to this one. = Kušao sam mnogo palačinaka, od kojih se niti jedan ne može s ovom usporediti.
- There were three young women, none of whom was older than twenty-five. = Ondje su bile tri mlade žene, od kojih ni jedna nije imala više od dvadesetpet godina.
5) Why
Kaže se “the reason (that/why) something happens”
- The reason (why/that) Tim said this is because he loves you. = Razlog zbog kojeg ti je Tim to rekao je da te voli.
- The reason (that/why) many people don’t start their own company is that they are afraid they will fail. = Razlog zašto mnogo ljudi ne pokreće svoj vlastiti posao je taj što se boje da neće uspjeti.
6) When
Kaže se “the day/the year/the time” i slično “(when/that) something happens”:
- The last time (that) I phoned him was on a Sunday morning. = Zadnji put sam ga zvala u nedjelju ujutro.
- On the night (that) my son was born it was snowing so heavily that we hardly reached the hospital in time. = Na noć kad se je moj sin rodio je tako jako padao snijeg da smo jedva na vrijeme stigli u bolnicu.
7) Where
“Where” koristimo u zavisnim rečenicama, kad govorimo o mjestima:
- I still like visiting the town – I spent my teenage years there
- I still like visiting the town where I spent my youth. = Još uvijek volim posjetiti grad gdje sam proveo svoju mladost.
Još nekoliko primjera:
- This is the bar where we had our second date. = Ovo je bar u kojem smo imali naš drugi sastanak. (Još možemo reći: This is the bar (that) we had our second date in.)
- The investigators are investigating the house where the woman was murdered. = Istražitelji istražuju kuću gdje je žrtva bila ubijena.
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